The phrase "without ceasing" in the context of prayer, as mentioned in 1 Thessalonians 5:17, generally means to maintain a continuous attitude of prayerfulness. It doesn't necessarily imply praying for the same thing repeatedly until you see results, but rather keeping an ongoing, open line of communication with God. This can include various types of prayers—prayers of thanksgiving, supplication, intercession, and more—reflecting a constant awareness of God's presence and a readiness to respond to His guidance.
Regarding your second question, it's important to understand that God's nature is fundamentally loving and just. The idea that God would allow harm to come to innocent children, even if their parent has been unkind or "bad," is not consistent with the character of God as described in the Bible. God's justice and mercy are central to His nature, and He desires the well-being of all people, especially the innocent and vulnerable. Prayers for harm are contrary to the teachings of love and forgiveness that are central to Christian faith. It's always encouraged to seek forgiveness, make amends, and pray for guidance and healing for oneself and others.